Investigation of Potential Sources of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs)

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are one of the key components of space weather, and if they can be predicted; it may be easier to find ways to protect against their negative effects such as single event, satellite drag, communication, etc. SEPs mainly originate from solar flares and coronal mass ejections and it is known that solar flares are strongly related to sunspots.Therefore, first we investigated the solar proton event (SPE) production potential of sunspot groups based on the McIntosh classification system; we examined the solar proton production potential of the Zurich class, type of penumbra and the compactness of groups.Finally, we applied period analysis to SEPs to detect their periodic behavior.Obtained periodicities were compared with well-known solar activity periodicities.Our findings are as follows: i-Sunspot classes; class F has the highest SPE production potential (1.7%), while class B has the lowest potential (0.08%).Penumbra types; class k has the highest SPE production potential (2.02%), while r and x have the lowest (0.04%).Interior spot distribution; class c has the highest SPE production potential (2.32%), while class x has the lowest (0.06%).ii-The 25-34-day periods seen in SEPs show that SEPs are dependent on solar rotation.iii-51-63 days and 221-241 days periodicities were observed.The period of 51-63 days is known as solar flare periodicity, while the period of 221-241 days is known as coronal mass ejection (CME) periodicity.