Desarrollo de sistemas de propulsión híbridos para la reducción de emisiones en la industria naval

The study examines the development of hybrid propulsion systems in the shipbuilding industry as an alternative to reduce polluting emissions. Through a systematic literature review of scientific sources between 2015 and 2024, technical configurations, emerging technologies and operational advantages were identified. The results show that the combination of thermal and electric motors with energy storage improves efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and minimizes CO₂, NOₓ and SOₓ emissions, especially in port maneuvers. In addition, these systems make it possible to comply with international regulations without altering the structure of the vessels. Advances in modular design, integration of renewable energies and their applicability in different types of vessels are highlighted. In conclusion, hybrid propulsion represents a viable intermediate solution towards a more sustainable, efficient and regulatory compatible maritime transport.