Hospital at home (virtual wards): developing a logic model and dark logic model

These logic models provide a clear visual representation of intended (logic) and unintended outcomes (dark logic) of HaH (virtual wards) in England, and factors contributing to them. They can support prioritising future research or program planning and evaluation. Future research should explore strategies to deliver this personalised holistic care safely and effectively whilst maximising potential of resources like digital technology and understanding it's impact on patients and equity.