Analysis of Moringa olifera Floral Extract for Alzheimer’s Disease via Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Properties: In vitro and In silico Studies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an irreparable and escalating neurodegenerative disorder, is considered as a multidrug target disease. In this study, a floral extract of Moringa olifera (FEMO), a well-known medicinal plant, was subjected to in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities (BuChE) and antioxidant properties. Docking activities of these enzymes with three glycosidic flavonoids from the extract were performed. The floral extract contained 374.04±0.05 mg GAE/g and 77.33 mg RE/g phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. FEMO exhibit promising acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and considerable total antioxidant capacity as DPPH and ABTS •+ radical scavenging activity. Upon molecular docking the Compound 3, Rhamnetin 3-O-(2``-galloyl)–β-D-galactopyranosyl-4`- β-D-xylopyromoside showed excellent binding free energies -62.94, -55.38 and -64.96 Kcal/mol with β-secretase, AChE and BuChE, respectively. The study demonstrated the efficacy of M. olifera floral extract for AD and compound 3 might be a potential lead compound for its treatment subject to further investigation.