Causal Factors Influencing Logistics Performance in Tourism Businesses: A Supply Chain Collaboration Perspective

This study investigates the causal relationships among factors influencing logistics performance in tourism businesses, with a particular emphasis on supply chain collaboration, organizational trust, and commitment.A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative data from 400 tourism entrepreneurs in China, collected via stratified random sampling, with qualitative insights from 15 purposively selected industry experts through in-depth interviews.Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that supply chain collaboration, trust, and commitment exert significant direct effects on logistics performance, with the model demonstrating robust empirical fit ( = 25.86,df = 20, p = 0.17, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.97, RMR = 0.0098).Qualitative findings highlighted the critical role of integrated collaboration among stakeholders, including local governments and suppliers, in enhancing service efficiency and responsiveness.The study proposes a comprehensive causal model that integrates these factors, offering actionable implications for tourism businesses to optimize logistics operations and for policymakers to foster sustainable tourism ecosystems.The model underscores the importance of trust-building and commitment as mediators in collaborative frameworks, providing a blueprint for improving operational efficiency in dynamic market environments.