Analysis on grinding profile and error compensation of the arc transition edge of indexable tool inserts

The cutting edge transition arc of indexable inserts is critical for enhancing cutting performance and extending tool service life. The grinding technology for the cutting edge arc serves as a key indicator of the quality of indexable inserts. This study provides a theoretical analysis of various cutting edge transition arcs and establishes a unified mathematical model for CNC machining. To address issues such as arc profile offset errors and surface texture distortions caused by mechanical errors in machine tools, the grinding parameter Δ S is introduced. An arc offset error compensation model is constructed, incorporating dynamic Y-axis follow-up control of the grinding wheel. Batch grinding experiments were conducted to analyze the surface morphology and dimensional errors of the tools using a super-depth-of-field microscope and an image measuring instrument. The results indicate that the arc profile error decreased significantly, from −0.0052 mm to 0.0041 mm before compensation, to −0.0008 mm to 0.0011 mm after compensation. Additionally, the surface texture of the cutting edge arc remained consistent and continuous. These findings validate the accuracy and practicality of the proposed compensation algorithm.