Professional burnout of medical specialists of therapeutic and surgical profiles

The purpose of the study: to assess the characteristics of the assessment of the level of professional burnout among doctors of various specialties of therapeutic and surgical profiles. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after V. V. Kosarev of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Department of Occupational Pathology of the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara City Hospital No. 5. The research was carried out within the framework of a comprehensive topic of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after V. V. Kosarev Samara State Medical University. "Problems of polymorbidity, diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of occupational and production-related diseases in workers with isolated combined effects of environmental factors and the labor process" (registration number 124053000016-4, registration date 05/30/2024). Patient consent. Each participant in the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form. The study included: group 1 — surgeons of general surgical profile (n = 52 people); group 2 — gastroenterologists (n = 48 people); group 3 — surgeons, cardiovascular profile (n = 31 people); group 4 — cardiologists (n = 36 people); group 5 — surgeons, oncologists of surgical profile (n = 48 people); group 6 — oncologists of therapeutic profile (n = 46 people); group 7 - control group: workers of engineering, technical and economic specialties not related to work in medical organizations (healthy) (n = 65 people). The assessment of the level of professional burnout among medical workers was carried out using the MBI methodology developed by K. Maslach, S. Jackson, adapted by N. E. Vodopyanova. The level of depression was assessed using the Beck Scale, developed on the basis of the authors' clinical observations, which made it possible to identify a limited set of the most relevant and significant symptoms of depression and the most common complaints made by patients. The scale allows you to suspect a diagnosis of depression and refer it to a specialist. The statistical analysis was performed using the RStudio programming language and environment (R v.4.4.1, RStudio 2024.09.1+394). Descriptive statistics for continuous data were calculated as the mean, 95% confidence intervals; for nonparametric data, the median, 25 and 75% quartiles, and the interquartile range. Although the data did not correspond to a normal distribution, the groups were larger than 30 observations, which, according to the central limit theorem, allows us to use the mean and 95% confidence intervals to describe the variables. The X2 criterion was used to compare the percentages. When evaluating differences in nonparametric data groups, the Mann—Whitney criteria were used for two comparison groups, and Kruskal Wallis criteria for more than 2 groups. Results. The professional activity of doctors of therapeutic and surgical specialties is associated with the effects of chronic occupational stress, leading to the development of professional burnout. Limitations of the study. The study has regional (Samara region) and professional (in terms of detailed working conditions in the comparison groups studied) limitations. Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained indicate the need to use specialized rehabilitation measures for physicians using relaxation techniques, art therapy, and professional adaptation programs when identifying risk factors for increasing the level of professional burnout among medical professionals providing medical care in hospitals of general therapeutic, general surgical, and specialized profiles.; physiotherapy techniques such as electrosleep and reflexotherapy, if possible, sanatorium- resort treatment in sanatoriums, local sanatoriums, etc. with visits to psychotherapy rooms, as well as psychopharmacological drugs.