APE: An analytical protostellar environment to provide physical conditions to chemical models and synthetic observations

Chemical modeling and synthetic observations are powerful methods to interpret observations, both requiring a knowledge of the physical conditions. In this paper, we present the Analytical Protostellar Environment (APE) code, which aims at making chemical simulations and synthetic observations accessible. APE contains a physical model of protostellar evolution (including the central object, the envelope, the protoplanetary disk and the outflow) as well as interfaces to publicly available codes to perform chemical simulations, radiative transfer calculations, and synthetic interferometry imaging. APE produces density and temperature maps of protostellar systems. The code can also follow individual particles throughout their journey in a collapsing core. APE includes a treatment of the dust grain size-distribution to compute opacities self-consistently for subsequent radiative transfer. We show an example of application of APE by computing chemical abundance maps of CO, CN, CS, H 2 CO, and CH 3 OH in a Class I protostellar system. We also performed synthetic ALMA observations of their molecular emission assuming an edge-on source inclination. The moment 0 maps of CO, CS, and H 2 CO display an X-shaped emission similar to what is observed toward the Class I source IRAS 04302+2247.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-05-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553946
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Astro and Planetary Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.15

Funders

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article

APE: An analytical protostellar environment to provide physical conditions to chemical models and synthetic observations

Jean‐Christophe Loison, Pierre Marchand, V. Wakelam, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz de Miera et al.
1 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astro and Planetary Science
1.15
article

APE: An analytical protostellar environment to provide physical conditions to chemical models and synthetic observations

Jean‐Christophe Loison, Pierre Marchand, V. Wakelam, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz de Miera, A. Coutens, A. Espagnet
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Chemical modeling and synthetic observations are powerful methods to interpret observations, both requiring a knowledge of the physical conditions. In this paper, we present the Analytical Protostellar Environment (APE) code, which aims at making chemical simulations and synthetic observations accessible. APE contains a physical model of protostellar evolution (including the central object, the envelope, the protoplanetary disk and the outflow) as well as interfaces to publicly available codes to perform chemical simulations, radiative transfer calculations, and synthetic interferometry imaging. APE produces density and temperature maps of protostellar systems. The code can also follow individual particles throughout their journey in a collapsing core. APE includes a treatment of the dust grain size-distribution to compute opacities self-consistently for subsequent radiative transfer. We show an example of application of APE by computing chemical abundance maps of CO, CN, CS, H 2 CO, and CH 3 OH in a Class I protostellar system. We also performed synthetic ALMA observations of their molecular emission assuming an edge-on source inclination. The moment 0 maps of CO, CS, and H 2 CO display an X-shaped emission similar to what is observed toward the Class I source IRAS 04302+2247.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 698
European Commission, European Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 19%
Astro and Planetary Science
1.15
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APE: An analytical protostellar environment to provide physical conditions to chemical models and synthetic observations — Jean‐Christophe Loison, Pierre Marchand, et al. · Astronomy and Astrophysics (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS