Preparation, microstructure and corrosion resistance of novel anode materials based on magnesium-air batteries

Magnesium-air (Mg-air) batteries have emerged as a promising sustainable energy storage technology, offering exceptional theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Despite these advantages, their development remains largely confined to experimental phase. A critical barrier to commercialization is the poor corrosion resistance of the anode resulting in low anodic efficiency. This article presents a comprehensive review of strategies aimed at improving utilization efficiency of Mg anodes, with a particular focus on addressing corrosion issues from a microstructural standpoint. Firstly, the principle of Mg-air batteries has been outlined and the corrosion behavior has been discussed. The review then delves into a variety of representative anode materials. Special attention is given to innovative material designs that mitigate the challenges typically encountered by Mg-air batteries. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on future research directions, identifying critical technological barriers and highlighting areas that warrant further investigation. By offering a detailed analysis of material structures, this article aims to contribute valuable insights for advancing the development of high-performance Mg-air batteries. The review then delves into a variety of representative anode materials. Special attention is given to innovative material designs that mitigate the challenges typically encountered by Mg-air batteries. • Review of challenges and strategies to improve the stability and reliability of Mg-air batteries. • Technological advances to improve the corrosion resistance and long-term reliability of Mg-air battery anode materials. • Explored emerging technologies and future directions to advance the practical application of Mg-air batteries.