Digital Biomarkers: Engineering Tools for Personalized Health Tracking

Digitization of healthcare is revolutionizing the generation, analysis, and use of health information, with digital biomarkers in the vanguard. Digital biomarkers—quantitative and objective physiological and behavioral data collected with digital sensors—offer a novel category of health indicators that can allow for constant real-time observation and personalized management of health. This paper describes the multifaceted ecosystem supporting digital biomarker development, such as advances in sensor technologies, data gathering and analysis methods, mobile health apps, and artificial intelligence. It categorizes the different types of digital biomarkers, evaluates their application in clinical and consumer health settings, and addresses personalization challenges, ethical use, and data protection. Additionally, it identifies applications and trends like the application of blockchain for secure data management and engineering to develop scalable biomarker models. The review brings into perspective interdisciplinary collaboration as crucial in maximizing the potential of digital biomarkers for improving precision health without compromising responsible innovation and equality of access. Keywords: Digital Biomarkers, Wearable Technology, Personalized Health, Mobile Health (mHealth), Real-Time Monitoring, Sensor Data.