Drug-induced lung diseases

Drug-induced lung injury (DILI) has been estimated to be caused by direct toxicity and immune-mediated toxicity. Direct toxicity can occur due to direct injury caused by the drug preparation or through the production of reactive metabolites, induction of oxidative stress and direct cytotoxicity on alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells with the onset of inflammation and pulmonary edema. Immune-mediated pulmonary toxicity may present as allergic, idiosyncratic reactions, immune cell infiltration and cytokine release. Drug-induced lung diseases can be categorized into acute (acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypersensitivity reactions) and chronic (interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.). The genesis of drug-induced lung diseases may involve antineoplastic (47.69%), cardiovascular (11,18%), antirheumatic (9.98%), antimicrobial (5.86%), hormonal (5.66%), immunomodulatory (3.83%), hematologic (3.51%), gastrointestinal (2.53%), analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (2.38%), psychotropic (2.18%), drugs with influence on the central nervous system (2.01%), urinary (1.05%) and respiratory (0.77%).