Assessing Macro Nutrient Trends in India: A Focus on Production, Consumption and Imports

As a cornerstone of agricultural productivity, fertilizers significantly contribute to India’s food security and rural economy. The essential macronutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)—are critical for enhancing crop yields and maintaining soil health. This study examines the trends in production, consumption, and imports of these nutrients from 2010–11 to 2022–23, along with fertilizer policy developments up to 2024–25. Using secondary data and applying CGR, CAGR and trend analysis, the findings reveal rising nitrogen and urea consumption surpassing production, fluctuating phosphorus and DAP usage, and a steady decline in MOP imports. These dynamics point to gradual progress in domestic self-sufficiency, shaped by evolving policy measures and changing agricultural practices. The study highlight the need for balanced nutrient use and sustainable fertilizer strategies to ensure long-term agricultural resilience.