Period poverty in the United States of America: a socio-economic policy analysis

Background Period poverty is a persistent yet under-recognised public health and policy issue affecting both developed and developing nations. In the United States, it continues to pose a serious challenge, particularly for women facing financial hardship. An estimated two in five menstruating individuals in the U.S. struggle to afford menstrual supplies, often resorting to unsafe or unhygienic alternatives. This not only compromises health and dignity but also reflects broader systemic inequities. Government actors at the local, state, and federal levels have a critical role to play in addressing this problem. This study examines the extent to which period poverty functions as a socioeconomic and policy issue in the United States. Methods Using a content analysis approach within an ethnographic research design, this study draws on secondary data sources and is guided by the Social Construction of Target Populations theory to interpret findings. Results The findings reveal that period poverty disproportionately impacts low-income women, driven by intersecting economic, social, cultural, and political barriers. Despite its widespread impact, there remains a notable lack of political commitment among policy stakeholders to meaningfully address the issue. Conclusions To mitigate the health and social consequences of period poverty, this study offers policy recommendations aimed at mobilising public health stakeholders and fostering stronger political engagement to ensure equitable access to menstrual products.