Sustained breastfeeding associations with brain structure and cognition from late childhood to early adolescence

Does breastfeeding influence neurocognition during early adolescence, and does it impact neurocognitive development at this stage? In this longitudinal study, breastfeeding demonstrated dose-dependent, lasting positive influences on neurocognition that remained stable over a 2-year period spanning late childhood to early adolescence. Specifically, individuals who were breastfed longer showed increased cortical thickness, surface area, cortical myelin, and fluid cognition, predictors of positive outcomes in later life, including physical and mental health. Our findings highlight the importance of breastfeeding and support its extended practice for optimal neurodevelopment and potential late-life benefits.