Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Plants: A Bibliometric Analysis from the Perspective of Sustainability

Hydropower, as a renewable source, presents a complex balance between energy benefits and environmental impacts. This study examines recent scientific production on the environmental effects of hydroelectric power plants through a bibliometric analysis of articles indexed in Scopus (2020-2024), using VOSviewer. Network analysis tools were employed to explore patterns of scientific productivity, thematic trends, and conceptual relationships. The analysis identified three predominant thematic axes: alteration of aquatic ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions, and socio-environmental conflicts. The results underscore the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental, social, and political dimensions in the planning of hydropower projects. There is a particular urgency in developing frameworks that balance energy demands with ecosystem conservation and the rights of affected communities. The study suggests strengthening applied research that links scientific evidence with governance mechanisms and public policies in the energy sector.