Correlation of Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern marked by chronic hyperglycemia, which contributes to oxidative stress and subsequent diabetic complications, particularly nephropathy. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a standard marker for glycemic control, while renal function tests (RFTs) such as serum creatinine, blood urea, and uric acid provide insight into renal status and potential oxidative burden. Objective: To evaluate biochemical markers of glycemic control and renal function in T2DM patients and assess the correlation between HbA1c and renal parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted involving 100 T2DM patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. HbA1c was measured using the ion-exchange resin method. Serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated using standard enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: Diabetic patients showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c (8.6 ± 1.4%), serum creatinine (1.4 ± 0.3 mg/dL), blood urea (49 ± 8 mg/dL), and uric acid (5.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL) compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all). A positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and serum creatinine (r = +0.63), urea (r = +0.59), and uric acid (r = +0.55), indicating a strong link between poor glycemic control and renal dysfunction. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control in T2DM patients is significantly associated with early renal impairment. Monitoring HbA1c alongside renal function markers can aid in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy and may reflect underlying oxidative stress. Future studies incorporating direct oxidative stress biomarkers are warranted for a more comprehensive assessment. Key words: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Oxidative Stress, Renal Function Tests, Serum Creatinine, Blood Urea, Uric Acid