Humic complexes in agrophytocenoses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The article presents the results of the study on testing the effects of humic fertilizers on the growth and development of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Moskovskaya 39 in the Kostroma Region, Russia. Enriched humic fertilizers in the form of complexes had a positive effect on the morphophysiological processes, grain yield and quality indicators of winter wheat plants. In the earing phase, the weight of the plants differed significantly from the control in the variants with seed and sowing treatment with Humicomplex by 2.37 and 2.44 g, respectively, and with humate “ Ecobiosphere” by 3.32 and 0.82 g. Carbon accumulation in the plants in the earing phase was 0.010–0.013 mgC/dm² higher by in the variants with seed treatment with humic fertilizers relative to the control. The most favorable water conditions in wheat plant tissues were created in variants with the application of humic fertilizers, where the potential osmotic pressure was 863.7–1027 kPa. A significantly higher grain yield of winter wheat was obtained in variants with the application of humic fertilizers (3.61–4.96 t/ha) than in the control (2.63–2.39 t/ha). The most effective methods were treating seeds with Humicomplex, which increased the grain yield by 2.13 t/ha compared to the control, and treating crops in the tillering phase, which increased the grain yield by 2.57 t/ha compared to the control. Applying the humic fertilizer “Ecobiosphere” on a mineral background increased the winter wheat yield by 1.61–1.22 t/ha. The highest gluten content was obtained in variants where crops were sprayed with Humicomplex (28.92%) and the humic fertilizer “Ecobiosphere” (29.84%), which was 2.04–2.96% higher than control values.