Assessment of the effect of new forms of prolonged fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat in the Non-chernozem zone of Russia

The article presents the results of studying the effect of ammophoska encapsulated with monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) of different thickness on the yield and quality of soft spring wheat of the Lubava variety in the conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia. The fertilizers developed by the National Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences named after Yu.V. Samoilov help to reduce nitrogen losses of fertilizers due to delayed release of the active substance, thus improving the nitrogen nutrition of cultivated plants. The microfield experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. The main qualitative assessment indicators were grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, the content of crude protein in the grain and the main nutrients in the plant, as well as their yield removal with by-products and main products. The data obtained confirm that the use of fertilizers with controlled nitrogen release coated with monocalcium phosphate with a thickness of 50 and 100 microns, increased the yield of the experimental crop by 8–18% the crude protein yield by 8–16%, and the nitrogen utilization coefficient in fertilizers by 5–17%. The greatest positive effect was achieved when ammophoska was applied with a capsule thickness of 100 microns. In addition, the improvement of plant nitrogen nutrition by the use of encapsulated fertilizers was compared with the effect of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate).