THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOKTAMYSH AND TIMUR AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF EURASIA

The article examines the conflict between Tokhtamysh, the khan of the Golden Horde, and Timur (Tamerlane), the ruler of the Timurid Empire, which shaped the fate of the Golden Horde and altered the geopolitical balance of Eurasia in the late 14th century. The study analyzes the causes of the conflict, including territorial ambitions, ideological rivalry, and dynastic factors. Special attention is given to the military campaigns of 1385–1391 and 1395–1396, culminating in Tokhtamysh's defeat at the Battle of the Terek River. The article explores the tactical mistakes of the Golden Horde khan and the strategic advantages of Timur, as well as their impact on subsequent events. The research employs source analysis of Arabic, Persian, and Golden Horde chronicles, as well as comparative-historical and military-strategic methods. The study concludes that the defeat of the Golden Horde accelerated its decline, led to an economic crisis, and reshaped the regional balance of power, while Timur's victory strengthened his empire but failed to ensure its long-term stability.