Research Progress in the Treatment of Pediatric <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> Bloodstream Infection

血流感染是一种由病原微生物侵入血液循环引起的全身性感染性疾病，是全球重大公共卫生问题，尽管医学取得了极大进展，但血流感染仍是全球公共卫生领域面临的严重问题。其中金黄色葡萄球菌引起的血流感染更是全球真性血流感染的三大主要原因之一，其治疗时间较长、死亡率较高、医疗负担较重。尤其是儿童免疫功能与成人不同，极易发生血流感染，血流感染患儿病情进展迅速，易引起全身性感染，甚至发生脓毒性休克，需要更多的关注。本文系统论述了金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染的定义与分类、儿童金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染的流行病学、耐药机制及治疗研究进展，为儿童金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染的诊疗提供参考。Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a systemic infectious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms invading the circulatory system. It remains a major global public health concern, and despite significant medical advancements, BSI continues to pose a serious challenge in the field of public health worldwide. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SABSI) is one of the three leading causes of true bloodstream infections worldwide, characterized by prolonged treatment duration, high mortality rate, and substantial healthcare burden. Children, with distinct immune functions compared to adults, are particularly vulnerable to rapid disease progression, systemic infections, and septic shock in SABSI, necessitating heightened clinical attention. This article systematically reviews the definition, classification, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic advances in pediatric SABSI, aiming to provide evidence-based references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.