EXPERIMENTAL RODENT MODELS FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA: A PRE-CLINICAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIVER CANCER RESEARCH

Every year, more people die from primary liver malignancies such Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular carcinoma. For physicians, this is a major issue. Numerous in vivo models of malignant malignancies have lately been established, yielding vital new insights into their development. These models are especially important for preclinical testing of novel therapeutic agents in order to evaluate newly developed compounds as potential treatments for primary liver malignancies. To correctly analyse study results and plan future research, the technical components of each model must be carefully considered, as they are an essential aspect of the research process. The primary goal of this review is to provide a thorough description of the technical and experimental features of the most important rodent models, with an emphasis on highlighting the similarities and differences between these models and the corresponding human diseases. This will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review is divided into two main sections. The first section investigates hepatocellular carcinoma models developed by a range of strategies, including genetic modification, nutritional manipulation, and the use of toxic chemicals. To provide a comprehensive overview of the various methods used to study these liver cancers, the second section will go into detail about cholangiocarcinoma models established in rodents, such as rats and mice, using a variety of techniques, including xenograft and syngeneic models, bile duct cannulation, genetic manipulation, toxin administration, and surgical interventions.