Hidden in Plain Sight: The Harmful Side of AI–Based Mental Health Interventions

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other technologies together with increasing economic and care pressures have popularized the use and development of digital health solutions and interventions, in particular in mental health. Associated with this is an increase of demonstrated potential to harm patients. Using case studies showing harms to patients using AI-based mental health tools, we highlight the need to strengthen surveillance, via digitalovigilance. By this, we raise awareness on six competencies for citizens and users of digital health interventions that are necessary to reduce risks and improve patient safety.