Comparison of food classification and commodity portion for pesticide residue analysis in tree nuts and seeds, fruits, and herbs and spices across different countries

To effectively manage pesticide residue safety in food, countries must establish and enforce maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the choice of commodity portions for pesticide analysis is crucial. However, discrepancies between domestic and international regulations complicate international trade. This study compared food classifications and portions used for pesticide residue analysis in ‘tree nuts and seeds,’ ‘fruits,’ and ‘herbs and spices’ according to the standards of Korea, Codex, and major trading partners, including the USA, Europe, Australia, and Japan. Furthermore, a few methods for sampling preparation that could be internationally applicable were explored. Although food classifications were similar in most countries, some differences were noted. The comparison of commodity portions used in the pesticide analysis revealed that, although the intent remains consistent, the terminology differs, and specific regulations vary for certain foods, such as persimmons and loquat. Based on the results, the applicable portions for 13 groups, including peanuts or tree nuts and oilseeds, were standardized by combining methods from various countries and establishing specific regulations for 11 commodities, such as olives and date palms. This study is expected to enhance the reliability of pesticide residue analysis methods and facilitate international trade by aligning these methods with global standards.