Remote Sensing Monitoring of Vegetation Change in Yungang Area for Ecological Restoration

Coal mining will change the land nutrient conditions and affect the growth of surface vegetation. In view of the lack of analysis and research on the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation coverage in Yungang District, Shanxi Province, in the hinterland of Datong coalfield, deeply explored the vegetation index information from remote sensing data and conducted statistical analysis of vegetation time series. Based on landsat8 oli images from 2019 to 2022, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) , vegetation coverage and greenness change rate were extracted, and the long-term vegetation coverage types, vegetation coverage and vegetation coverage changes in Yungang district were mined from the vegetation index, so as to study the distribution characteristics and changing trend of vegetation in Yungang district. The results show that: (1) the surface vegetation in the mining area is mainly cultivated land, shrubs and trees, and the overall vegetation coverage is high. The vegetation change trends in the Northwest Mountainous Area and the southeast plain area divided by the Kouquan fault zone are quite different. From 2019 to 2022, the dominant surface vegetation types in the Northwest Mountainous area gradually change from shrubs and trees to shrubs and grassland, and the vegetation coverage changes from high to medium-high to medium, and the surface vegetation coverage types in the southeast plain area change little, and the vegetation coverage degrades slightly. (2) From 2019 to 2022, the degraded area of vegetation coverage in Yungang district is 40%, the basically unchanged area is 37%, and the improved area is 23%. Mining and farmland harvesting have a significant negative impact on vegetation, while mining area greening and farmland planting have a significant positive impact on vegetation. In the next step, it is necessary to continuously monitor the dynamic changes of vegetation in Yungang District, and study the relationship between vegetation changes and mining and ecological restoration, to provide data support for guiding the ecological construction of the whole region.