Assessing the Survival Challenges in Zebrafish Due to Acute Salinity Stress and pH Changes

Background: Water parameters are essential in maintaining the good health of aquatic organisms. Fluctuation in any of the parameters is a stress factor for the organisms. Different stress agents' response initiates the hypothalamus's activation and subsequent changes in the neuroendocrine system, metabolism, and physiology. Fish are heavily influenced by their environment in various aquatic habitats. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to analysis the survival and behavioural changes in zebrafish exposed to stress. Methods: In the current study, zebrafish were exposed to varying pH levels, and the resulting stress responses were observed. The acute toxicity and chronic effects of extreme pH 4.2, 8.2, and 10.2 are effectively seen on zebrafish's gill. The acute toxicity and chronic effects of extreme salinity 6g/L,7g/L,8g/L,9g/L, and 10g/L are effectively seen in Zebrafish's heart tissue. Result: Zebrafish have substantial stress responses to variations in salinity, which cause changes in physiology and behavior. Fish experiencing fluctuations in the salinity content of their aquatic surroundings are said to be experiencing salinity stress. Excessive salinity can dehydrate freshwater fish and lead to an imbalance in ions; however, abrupt salinity reductions in saltwater fish can induce an influx of water and a loss of ions. Fish exposed to prolonged salt stress are more sensitive to illness, have lower general fitness, and have a lower chance of surviving. Conclusion: This study enlightens how water quality parameters like pH and salinity affect specific physiological and molecular events in Zebrafish. In summary, exposure to sub-lethal pH and salinity concentrations influences Zebrafish physiology, resulting in mortality.