Labor Migration in Central Asia: Issues, Impacts, and Strategic Solutions

This paper investigates labor migration in Central Asia from 2013 to 2023, targeted on economic and demographic factors, including GDP per capita, unemployment, inflation, remittances, and population growth. Using panel regression analysis and World Systems Theory, the study highlights key factors influencing migration trends, such as economic disparities, reliance on remittances, and shared language or borders. Findings show that there is a high out-migration from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan because of significant unemployment and poverty rates, whilst Kazakhstan demonstrates economic stability which leads to less migration rates. In the last years, Uzbekistan shows progress in reducing migration through economic development. The results determine the need for more targeted policies to tackle against economic issues, reduce reliance on remittances and promote sustainable development.