Hygiene and Sanitation Towards the Incidence of Stunting in Children Under Five Years Old in Bidara Cina Villege, East Jakarta in 2024

Stunting remains a critical public health issue in East Jakarta, with Bidara Cina Village identified as one of the areas facing significant challenges related to hygiene, sanitation, and nutrition among toddlers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hygiene and sanitation practices and stunting, while also considering individual and family factors among children under five years old (0–60 months) in Bidara Cina Village, East Jakarta, in 2024. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 126 respondents, with data collected through observations and interviews. Data analysis included bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) and multivariate analysis (Multiple Logistic Regression). The bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between stunting and hygiene and sanitation practices, including handwashing with soap (p = 0.01; OR = 9.828), ownership of personal toilet facilities (p < 0.001; OR = 9.750), and the physical quality of water (p < 0.001; OR = 4.713). Individual factors such as age (49–60 months; p < 0.001; OR = 0.350) and history of illness or infection (p < 0.001; OR = 4.631), as well as family factors such as socioeconomic status (p = 0.003; OR = 6.00) and smoking behavior (p = 0.004; OR = 4.245), also showed significant associations. The conclusion of this study is based on the multivariate analysis identified ownership of toilet facilities (p = 0.004; OR = 5.068) and the age range of 49–60 months (p = 0.011; OR = 1.528) as the most influential factors, contributing to 33.2% of stunting cases among toddlers in Bidara Cina Village. Efforts to address stunting in this area should prioritize improving access to sanitation facilities and targeting interventions for older toddlers.