Exploring the Potential of Aloe Vera Hydro-Alcoholic Leaf Extract for Topical Diabetic Wound Healing Treatment

Background: Diabetic wounds present substantial challenges within the diabetic patient population, prompting diverse therapeutic strategies including the exploration of natural remedies. Methods: This investigation aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of topical application of Aloe vera hydro-alcoholic leaf extract (AVHE) in addressing the various contributing elements to delayed wound healing in the diabetes through cell based assays and animal model. Results: The AVHE exhibited remarkable α-amylase inhibitory activity, indicated by an IC50 value of 0.051 mg/mL, comparable to the standard Acarbose (IC50 = 0.041 mg/mL). Fluorescent microscopy analysis demonstrated significant glucose uptake by McCoy fibroblast cells treated with AVHE, evidenced by 187.74% uptake of 2-NBDG at concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the AVHE exhibited notable anti-bacterial efficacy against a spectrum of tested pathogens, with pronounced effectiveness against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The AVHE displayed enhanced wound closure, achieving a remarkable 57.03 % closure rate at concentration of 0.1 mg/mL compared to the untreated cells 10.01% in an in vitro scratch assay conducted in McCoy cells. In vivo assessments included evaluating the potential of AVHE to induce caudal fin regeneration in Zebra fish, revealing a significant 60% development within 7 days post-amputation. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of topical application of AVHE for the advancement of treatments targeting diabetic foot ulcers.