Systematic Review On Fluoride In Dentistry

Background: Fluoride has been extensively studied for its role in dental health, particularly in preventing dental caries and enhancing enamel remineralization. Despite its widespread use, concerns over fluorosis and optimal delivery methods persist. This systematic review evaluates the latest evidence on fluoride’s benefits, risks, and effectiveness in dentistry. Objective: To analyze recent studies on fluoride applications, mechanisms of action, efficacy in caries prevention, and potential health risks, including fluorosis. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2023. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta- analyses evaluating fluoride’s impact on dental health were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of non-peer-reviewed articles, animal studies, and research unrelated to dental applications of fluoride. Results: Fluoride toothpaste (≥1000 ppm) reduces caries incidence by 25-30% (Table 1). Community water fluoridation is effective in reducing caries prevalence by 40-60%, particularly in children (Table 2). Fluoride varnishes and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) provide additional protection for high-risk patients (Table 3). Overexposure to fluoride can lead to fluorosis, emphasizing the need for optimal dosing strategies (Table 4). Conclusion: Fluoride remains a cornerstone of preventive dentistry, significantly reducing caries risk. However, careful monitoring is necessary to prevent fluorosis. Future research should focus on optimizing fluoride delivery methods and exploring alternative remineralization agents.