Comparative study between rhodobacter sphaeroides and zinc bio nanoparticles based bioremediation of cadmium contaminated water

Environmental remediation relies mainly on using various technologies (e.g., adsorption, absorption, chemical reactions, photocatalysis, and filtration) for the removal of contaminants from different environmental media (e.g., soil, water, and air). The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology-based materials makes them particularly suitable for such processes given that they have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which often results in higher reactivity. Removal of contaminants in wastewater, such as heavy metals, has become a severe problem in the world. Numerous technologies have been developed to deal with this problem. As an emerging technology, nanotechnology has been gaining increasing interest and many nanomaterials have been developed to remove heavy metals from polluted water, due to their excellent features resulting from the nanometre effect. Zinc-oxide nanoparticles are being used in a wide range of commercial applications and are therefore expected to find their way into the soil ecosystem. both prokaryotes and eukaryotes including bacteria, fungi and yeast are exploited for the synthesis of ZnO NPs by using microbial cells or enzyme, protein and other biomolecules compounds in either an intracellular or extracellular route. ZnO NPs exhibit antimicrobial properties, however, the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are depended upon on their size and shape, which make them specific for various applications. The main goal of undertaking the current investigation was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of ZnO NPs using culture filtrates of Bacteria and using the synthesised ZnO NPs for bioremediation of cadmium present in polluted water body.