Mental ecology in the social challenges’ age: focus on the depressive and anxiety disorders’ comorbidity

This review presents a systematization of information on the clinical characteristics of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders, including stress-associated disorders, taking into the framework of mental ecology’s paradigm. It explores the key issues of etiopathogenetic models and ways to optimize personalized therapy for this category of patients, aimed at reducing medical and social risks and strengthening mental health in the face of modern social challenges. The methodological basis for the work was the materials of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the open sources of the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the problems of comorbidity, depression and anxiety disorders. The analysis included studies with quantitative data, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Taking into account the growth of scientific activity, an analysis of both published articles and preprints in Russian and English was carried out. The search was carried out using combinations of keywords and a control vocabulary query covering the terms: mental ecology, comorbidity, depression, anxiety disorders, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, personalized treatment. To assess the medical and social risks, a search was also carried out on alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse, a common problem among this group of patients.