Equine osteoarthritis. Part 1: management and what to inject when

Successful management of osteoarthritis first requires an accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the entire horse. A thorough lameness examination should include assessment and flexion of all four limbs, as well as a detailed examination of the horse's spine, posture and flexibility to ensure that an appropriate treatment plan and exercise programme can be devised. Attention should also be given to the general health and metabolic status of the horse, as some of the treatment options may be contraindicated if gastric ulceration or endocrine disorders are present. Finally, there needs to be consideration of withdrawal times of medications in competition horses. For the best outcome, a multi-modal approach is recommended, including exercise modification, systemic medications, intra-articular medications, corrective farriery and physical therapies.