Redefining precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma through omics, translational, and AI-based innovations

<h2>Abstract</h2> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease that predominantly affects patients with advanced liver ailments. HCC incidences are rapidly soaring due to challenges in early detection and resistance to conventional treatments and their associated side effects. The lack of effective biomarkers and global health disparities further complicate HCC management. This makes the advent of precision medicine all the more crucial in improving the medical care of HCC patients. This paper explores three prominent aspects of precision medicine in detail. These include omics, translational research, i.e., preclinical and clinical studies, and artificial intelligence (AI). Omics studies enable the analysis of various biological molecules to identify genetic alterations, protein expression patterns, and metabolic changes associated with HCC. They allow for the discovery of prospective biomarkers and the elucidation of underlying cancer biology mechanisms validated in preclinical studies, including animal models and cell culture experiments, before clinical assessment. AI can revolutionize HCC management by integrating and analyzing vast amounts of data from omics, preclinical, and clinical research. AI-powered tools provide a multitude of applications to improve patient outcomes. Together, these facets culminate in a comprehensive precision medicine approach that can be implemented to transform the landscape of HCC.