Polymeric membranes of PVDF and PS for adsorption of copper ions in water

Water pollution caused by heavy metals represents a critical global concern due to its harmful effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems. Ion adsorption membranes have emerged as effective solutions for water decontamination. Accordingly, this study provides a physicochemical evaluation of a magnetic polymeric membrane designed for the adsorption of copper ions (Cu²⁺), fabricated via electrospinning. The membrane consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polystyrene (PS) polymeric matrix embedded with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Morphological characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated fiber diameters averaging approximately 3 µm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful functionalization with EDTA as a chelating agent. Adsorption data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.1 mg g⁻¹ for the PVDF/PS@Fe₃O₄-EDTA polymeric membrane. Magnetic characterization revealed superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic properties. Overall, the membrane demonstrated proficient adsorption of copper ions due to available functional adsorption sites and the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles.