Ultrasonic conductivity of the skull bones as a factor limiting the performance of operations using focused ultrasound in central nervous system diseases: Endocrinologist's view

Magnetic resonance focused ultrasound therapy is a noninvasive method for treating central nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. The method is limited by poor ultrasound conductivity of the cranial bones. The objective of this review is to study the relationship between phosphorus-calcium metabolism and cranial bone density. A literature review has shown that patients with the diseases of central nervous system often have vitamin D deficiency, parathyroid diseases, and osteoporosis. The main parameters of ultrasound conductivity of the cranial bones depend on the density, thickness, and homogeneity of the bones, in the formation of which phosphorus-calcium metabolism is involved. The use of bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, to increase bone density and remove limitations for focused ultrasound is promising.