Evaluation of Predictive and Heuristic Control Techniques for Buck Converters Using MPC, PID, and Fuzzy Logic

In power electronics, the performance of buck converters is crucial for efficient and effective voltage regulation and power management. Conventional Techniques in Control Systems includes Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) that are highly popular for their simplicity and efficiency but advanced intelligent techniques in control systems include Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) as well. This study evaluates and compares these three control strategies—PID, FLC, and MPC—based on main performance metrics: rise time, settling time, overshoot, undershoot, and peak time. The PID controller demonstrated balanced performance with a rise time of 3.7444×10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> s, settling time of 0.0152 s, and overshoot of 57.7626%. FLC showed improvements, particularly in minimizing overshoot (47.8383%) and maintaining a faster settling time of 0.0148 s. MPC exhibited the fastest response with a rise time of 1.9157×10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> s and settling time of 0.0078 s, but faced challenges with a significant overshoot of 105.3098%. Results suggest that MPC is highly effective in achieving rapid response and stabilization, FLC excels in minimizing overshoot and providing precise control, while PID maintains a good balance but with slower response and higher overshoot. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate control strategies based on specific performance requirements in buck converter applications.