High-Efficiency Nonreciprocal Radiator Operating at a Narrow 12° Angle

Breaking free from the constraints of the traditional Kirchhoff's law, the pursuit of higher energy conversion efficiency has become a key research focus. Nonreciprocal radiation opens up new possibilities for enhancing energy conversion efficiency. As an optical device, its ability to output in both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarization modes is of critical importance. The proposed nonreciprocal radiator not only possesses the capability to operate in dual polarization states but also achieves nonreciprocal radiation output in both TM and TE modes at the same frequency. This output characteristic is referred to as polarization-independent nonreciprocal radiation, an area that remains uncharted in prior research. The polarization-independent radiation property significantly enhances the compatibility of the radiator, broadening its application prospects in the optical field. Moreover, the nonreciprocal radiator can achieve nonreciprocal radiation intensity exceeding 90% at a small angle of 12°. This study is expected to fill the research gap in the field of polarization-independent nonreciprocal radiation, contributing to the practical application of nonreciprocal emitters.