Research on wavefront correction for atmospheric turbulence based on model-free optimization algorithms

Atmospheric turbulence-induced intensity scintillation and wavefront aberrations critically impair laser communication systems by degrading beam quality and energy transmission. To address this, we developed a wavefront correction framework using the OOMAO platform, generating static/dynamic wavefront distortions with Kolmogorov spectrum characteristics under varying turbulence intensities. Closed-loop correction was implemented through an optimization strategy: static aberrations were iteratively minimized via normalized second-order moment (J₁) analysis, while dynamic scenarios utilized normalized intensity-squared summation (J₂) for robustness evaluation. Results demonstrate that: Gradient-based algorithms generally outperformed population-based algorithms; The NASPGD algorithm achieved optimal dynamic correction with the highest initial efficiency and precision; SPGD exhibited superior stability in later stages; LOEO surpassed APP and approached SPGD in performance; PSO and GA showed comparable performance, though GA demonstrated stronger robustness under intense turbulence. These findings indicate that model-free optimization algorithms can provide efficient solutions for space-ground laser communication and astronomical observation scenarios.