Fiqh Nusantara: Exploring the discourse and complexity of Indonesian Islamic jurisprudence

This article aims to explain the development and debates surrounding the discourse of Fiqh Nusantara, to trace its origins and characteristics as one of the parts of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia. Additionally, it profiles the practical and empirical experiences of the relationship between fiqh and 'urf by Muslim communities from the Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Malay, Mandailing, and Minangkabau ethnic groups. This research employs an analytical-qualitative method that combines field and literature research. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with authoritative Muslim scholars, while secondary data was gathered from written sources. Both normative and empirical approaches were employed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research object. The interactive analysis model was used to analyze the data into four components: data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing and verification. This research found that Fiqh Nusantara is essential as it connects Islam with the sociocultural context of Nusantara. Fiqh Nusantara is the result of the integration between Islamic sharia and local culture, making it capable of resolving local issues and providing solutions that align with the characteristics of Nusantara society. Fiqh Nusantara represents a unique and dynamic form of Islamic jurisprudence that reflects the rich cultural and religious diversity of Indonesia. Fiqh Nusantara still represents another form of the Shafi'i Mazhab that, in the context of Indonesian society, is often pitted against other mazhab such as the Hanbali, Maliki, and Hanafi. The debates on Fiqh Nusantara inherit the bias of the Islam Nusantara debates up until today.