Global tobacco-related head and neck cancer burden from 1990 to 2019: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2019

Abstract Background This study aims to estimate the number of deaths and mortality rates associated with tobacco-related head and neck cancers (TRHNCs) from 1990 to 2019. Methods Detailed information on head and neck cancers from 1990 to 2019 was collected using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The study reports the global number of deaths and mortality attributable to TRHNCs, along with the corresponding age-standardized death rates (ASDR). Results The number of deaths attributed to TRHNCs decreased from approximately 0.24 million in 1990 to around 0.15 million in 2019. The ASDR also showed a decline, dropping from 0.94 in 1990 to 0.73 in 2019. Conclusions The deaths of TRHNCs showed increased trends while the ASDR of TRHNCs have exhibited a significant decrease on a global scale. East Asia bears the heaviest disease burden of TRHNCs. The majority of this burden is observed in men, particularly among males aged 55 to 69 years old.