Review and Analysis of Methods of Optimization and Modeling of Base Station Positioning

When planning cellular networks, an important task is the optimal placement of base stations (BS). It is necessary to ensure the reliable interaction of BSs and technical equipment operating in the given area. This article analyzes existing methods for solving the problem of optimal base station placement. Brief descriptions of models and calculation methods for basic signal propagation losses under various conditions are provided. In mobile communication networks, communication occurs between a stationary BS and a mobile subscriber terminal, with the parameters of the communication line changing over time. Therefore, statistical methods are used to describe signal behavior in the studied area. Several mathematical models and methods allow for the calculation of basic signal propagation losses, particularly in mountainous terrain. Among empirical models, the Okumura model is the most widely used for predicting signal levels within a cell, as it is based on experimental results. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the models reviewed in the article, a conclusion is drawn on the feasibility of using empirical models with correction factors for mountainous terrain.