Scalable matrix ring data center interconnect based on FSO technology

To address escalating data center traffic and scalability issues, this paper introduces a novel hybrid data center network (DCN) architecture using free-space optics (FSO). The proposed three-layer matrix ring topology employs wired intra-layer links and wireless FSO inter-layer connections, reducing cabling and end-to-end delay. An optimized FSO link allocation strategy based on priority principles further enhances performance. Simulations demonstrate significant delay reduction as FSO links increase (up to 35.7%). Comparative analysis against leaf-spine validates the matrix ring's superiority, showing lower average delays under high loads and markedly better, more predictable delay distributions under bursts of traffic. This work offers a promising approach for flexible, efficient, and scalable future DCNs.