The impact of gentle physical activity on psychophysical well-being in older adults: a longitudinal study

Background: Aging is associated with a decline in physical and functional abilities, increasing the risk of falls and negatively affecting quality of life. The Gentle Physical Activity, designed for older adults, aims to enhance muscle strength, balance, and flexibility while promoting psychophysical well-being and mitigating age-related physiological decline. Objective: This longitudinal study evaluated the effectiveness of Gentle Physical Activity in improving physical performance and psychophysical well-being among older adults. The study also examined the relationship between objective physical improvements and subjective perceptions to understand their role in fostering long-term adherence to physical activity. Method: Fifteen participants aged 60 and above engaged in Gentle Physical Activity sessions over two years. Physical performance was assessed using the 30-Second Chair Stand Test and the Chair Sit and Reach Test at five intervals. A questionnaire was administered at the study's conclusion to capture participants’ subjective perceptions of physical, social, and mental well-being. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, while qualitative responses provided additional insights. Results: Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (𝜒² = 48.21, p < 0.001) and flexibility (𝜒² = 25.35, p < 0.001) within 3–5 months of activity. Participants also reported enhanced physical (87.1%), social, and mental well-being, demonstrating a strong association between physical improvements and psychophysical satisfaction. Conclusions: Gentle Physical Activity effectively enhances muscle strength, flexibility, and psychophysical well-being in older adults, highlighting its value as a safe and holistic intervention for promoting health and quality of life in later years.