Integrating blockchain technology in green supply chains: evaluating and prioritizing key challenges

Purpose This study aims to identify the barriers to blockchain integration and prioritize these variables for green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. Design/methodology/approach A research framework was developed based on the modified technology-organization-environment (TOE) theoretical model. In total, 16 variables influencing blockchain technology (BT) integration in GSCM were identified and categorized into four clusters: technical, organizational, external and inter-supplier. To validate these variables, interviews were conducted with experts possessing extensive experience and in-depth knowledge of the subject. The fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution was employed to evaluate these sixteen obstacles based on three criteria: strategic fit, adaptability and predictability. Findings The findings underscore the critical role of the human issues in the integration of BT for GSCM. Specifically, the three most influential factors hindering BT adoption are the absence of knowledge and expertise, access to BT and top management support. Meanwhile, the involvement of external stakeholders, low investments in research and development and government regulations and support are the least critical factors. Practical implications These practical values will greatly help supply chain members improve efficiency and save operating costs, particularly aiding enterprises owners in making informed decisions for the future. Originality/value Enriching the GSCM and BT literature, this study focuses on spreading green initiatives across supply chains within emerging economies.