In-Depth Analysis of Schistosomiasis and Human Immunity: A Comprehensive Study of Host Immune Response and Pathogenic Immune Mechanisms

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is widespread throughout the world. In this paper, the complex relationship between schistosoma and the human immune system is discussed. Based on the existing literature and data, this paper reviews the prevalence of schistosomiasis, parasitic characteristics of schistosomiasis, human immune response, immune strategies of schistosomiasis and related pathological changes. The complex relationship between schistosoma parasites and human immunity was discussed comprehensively and deeply from the aspects of parasitic characteristics and damage to human organs, the hindering of self-healing caused by pathological changes, and the response and limitation of the human immune system. The research results indicate that schistosomes parasitize in the portal vein of the human body and cause damage to organs such as the liver and intestines. The human immune system initiates an immune response, including innate immunity and adaptive immunity, but schistosoma escapes attack through antigenic variation, camouflage, immune molecular simulation, immune regulation, and other strategies. In addition, pathological changes such as liver fibrosis and portal hypertension caused by schistosomiasis also hinder the self-healing of infection.