Vaccine Design and Therapeutic Efficacy of African Swine Fever

African swine fever (ASF) refers to an infectious disease caused by infection of ASF virus (ASFV) in pigs, which is characterized by high infectivity and high mortality rate. There is no complete cure for ASF, and relevant vaccines are still under development. This article will discuss the vaccine design and treatment efficacy of ASF. Subunit vaccines and inactivated vaccines are currently being improved and applied, which have better prospects for application. Subunit vaccines are relatively safer because they only contain a small part of the ASFV. Vaccines can be optimized by researching the protein composition of ASFV, where p72 protein, p54 protein, p22 protein and p49 protein are key proteins in ASFV replication. These proteins jointly regulate the replication of ASFV. Studying the antigenicity of monoclonal antibodies designed based on different proteins of ASFV can help optimize vaccines. The p49 protein has certain antigenicity. The p22 protein plays a role in the replication process of the virus. The p72 protein, as a capsid protein, plays a key role, so vaccines can be designed based on the p72 protein. The combined use of inactivated vaccines and subunit vaccines can help ASF vaccines take effect. Studying these key proteins can help improve the design of ASF vaccines, enhance antigenicity, and lay a foundation for solving this major problem.