The Impact of Heat Stress on Various Ecosystems and Crop Yields and the Response Strategies

Global warming-induced extremely high temperatures can cause irreversible impacts on the normal physiological processes of plants, such as photosynthesis and cell membrane fluidity, and may even lead to plant death. As an important component of ecosystems, plants are significantly affected by climate warming, which in turn has a far-reaching impact on the distribution and function of ecosystems and causes crop yield reduction, threatening food security. This paper summarizes the response patterns of forests and seagrass meadows at different latitudes to extreme high temperatures and the impact of climate warming on the yields of four major crops in their main producing areas. It is found that the impact of high temperature on different ecosystems varies with the type of ecosystem and shows differences in latitude, and global warming leads to varying degrees of yield reduction of the four major food crops in different producing areas. Moreover, the negative impact of high temperature on ecosystems also shows differences in the latitude distribution. Meanwhile, there are differences in the adaptability of different species to high temperatures. It is suggested that improving planting conditions and crop breeding may help combat the food security crisis caused by high temperatures.