The Clinical Applications and Challenges of Semaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Semaglutide, an emerging therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Despite challenges such as impurity formation and low yield in its production through biotechnological fermentation and chemical synthesis, its potential in blood glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular and renal protection has been firmly established. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of action, clinical applications, and limitations of Semaglutide by analyzing relevant literature, reviewing its effects in various clinical trials, and evaluating its common side effects as well as potential long-term safety concerns. The results demonstrate that Semaglutide is highly effective, but its side effects, particularly gastrointestinal discomfort, may affect patient compliance, and the long-term safety regarding the pancreas and thyroid remains to be further validated. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, reducing side effects, and exploring new therapeutic areas.