Development Status and Application Prospect of Microbial Remediation Technology in Soil Heavy Metal Pollution

Heavy metal pollution control is one of the important measures to realize pollution control and ecological construction in China, the soil carries the important function of ecological activities, soil heavy metal pollution will destroy the soil's ecological energy supply, affecting human health will also lead to the decline of ecological diversity. Microbial remediation stands out because of its high efficiency, stability and avoidance of secondary pollution, this paper through a systematic combing and comprehensive analysis of microbial remediation technology to manage soil heavy metal pollution key technical principles, advantages and disadvantages and bottlenecks. Microbial remediation technology mainly realizes the treatment of heavy metal pollution through three core mechanisms: biological adsorption and surface complexation, redox transformation, and biomineralization synergy. These mechanisms improve the remediation effect through synergistic effects but face different challenges, such as environmental sensitivity, harsh metabolic conditions, etc. This paper focuses on microbial remediation for degrading soil heavy metal pollution, focuses on the three core mechanisms of microbial remediation, reveals its core value in remediation, and seeks to comprehensively sort out the core points of microbial remediation technology, identify the corresponding technological bottlenecks and summarize the direction of development, and provide an outlook of microbial remediation technology to promote China's microbial remediation technology. Microbial remediation technology, and promote the development of microbial remediation technology in China.