The Inner Ear: A Primer for Radiologists: Part 2, Congenital Anomalies, Inflammatory Disease, Trauma, and Neoplasms

This article is the second in a 2-part series on imaging of the inner ear. The first part examined the normal anatomy and embryology of the inner ear, as well as intrinsic abnormalities of the otic capsule. The second part addresses both congenital and acquired pathologies, including inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic etiologies. A detailed understanding of anatomy and physiology is crucial in the context of these complex disorders, which constitute major causes of disability due to auditory and vestibular dysfunction. Characteristic imaging findings, combined with the patient’s clinical history and presentation, aid in providing a definitive diagnosis in some cases, narrowing differential etiologies, and identifying treatable abnormalities. Furthermore, recognizing specific imaging findings or anatomic characteristics can lead to changes in patient management and surgical planning.Learning Objective: To familiarize radiologists and trainees with the imaging findings and diagnostic approaches for congenital anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and neoplasms of the inner ear.